The 30-bp Deletion in the LMP1 Oncogene as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A scoping review

Abstract

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy with a distinct geographical and ethnic distribution, strongly associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is a key EBV oncogene critical in the pathogenesis of NPC. A common 30-base pair (bp) deletion in the LMP1 gene has been identified and is postulated to enhance the oncogenic potential of the virus. This review aims to synthesize and evaluate the existing evidence on the clinical significance of the 30-bp deletion in LMP1 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. Current evidence indicates a high prevalence of the LMP1 30-bp deletion variant in NPC tumors. The literature suggests that this genetic variant is associated with more advanced tumor stages, increased risk of metastasis, and poorer overall survival, underscoring its strong prognostic value. The accumulated data robustly position the LMP1 30-bp deletion as a highly promising molecular biomarker for NPC. Its integration into the clinical workflow could significantly improve risk stratification, guide personalized treatment strategies, and enhance patient management.